Operative Vaginal Delivery

An operative vaginal delivery uses forceps or a vacuum device to assist birth through the vagina. These tools can be appropriate when established prerequisites are met and the clinician uses proper technique. Risks vary by device and circumstances and can include scalp, skull, nerve, or maternal injury. An injury does not by itself prove improper use. Review focuses on the reason for assistance, fetal position, station, traction, number of attempts, documentation, and alternatives.